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Pande, P. K.

• Variations in Physical and Wood Anatomical Properties of Shorea of Malay Peninsula

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Krishna Negi , Magan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 209-226

Abstract

The intra- and inter-species variations in the dimensions of different wood elements and wood density of Balau, White meranti (Meranti Pa'ang), Yellow meranti (Meranti damar hitam) and the Red meranti group of Malay Shorea were studied. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that intra-species differences of Shorea were non-significant for all the groups. Inter-species variations were significant for fibre length, fibre diameter, wall thickness and vessel element diameter for all the four groups except vessel element diameter for White meranti and fibre length for Yellow meranti. Significant variations in wood density were noticed for all the groups except in the Yellow meranti group (α=0.05). Crystals were present in parenchyma cells as solitary, in idioblast and/or also in short and long chains in the different species of Balau, Red and the Yellow meranti groups. In some species of Red meranti, viz. S. singkawang, prismatic crystals in chambered and non-chambered parenchyma cells were reported for the first time. Similarly crystals in ray cells were recorded in S. leptoclados, S. hemsleyana and S. macrantha. Crystals were not observed in the White meranti group. Silica bodies were a characteristic feature of White meranti group. The three types of normal axial inter-cellular canal, namely solitary, in broken tangential lines and long tangential lines were present in all the groups. Radial canal was present in the Yellow meranti and three species of the Red meranti group. Wall thickness, fibre diameter, wood density and vessel element length were positively correlated (α=0.05). Cluster analysis was done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical characters using binary matrix for all the groups. Two clusters were formed at 0% (Rescaled Distance Cluster Combine = 25) similarity level. One cluster grouped the species that belongs to White meranti, while another clustered the three groups viz. Balau, Red meranti and Yellow meranti. Yellow meranti further split from Balau and Red meranti at 6% similarity level. Red meranti and Balau clustered separately at 26% similarity level.

Keywords

Anti-fungal Activity, Insecticidal Activity, Pongamia Pinnata, Seed Oil, Potato Dextrose Agar Bioassay, Soil Block Bioassay

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• Individual Tree, Intra- and Inter-clonal Variations in Wood Properties of the Clonal Ramets of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Magan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 629-646

Abstract

Within tree, intra- and inter-clonal variations in wood anatomical properties of 4 years old clonal ramets of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Were investigated. The material was collected from Clonal Testing Area, Lalkuan (Haldwani) and Bannakhera. The twelve best clonal ramets of better growth and form from Lalkuan and 5 clones of ITC-Bhadrachalam planted at Bannakhera were selected for the study. Radial variations in all the individual ramets were non-significant for all anatomical properties investigated, while inter-clonal variations were significant. Intra-clonal variations were non-significant. The values of Runkel ratio, shape factor and fibre-length to diameter ratio of the selected clones from Lalkuan were well within the permissible limits for producing better pulp. The wood properties of the clones were comparable with the clones of ITC- Bhadrachalam grown in South India except for fibre-length, Runkel ratio and shape factor which were significantly higher in South India. ITC-Bhadrachalam clones grown in Bannakhera and Lalkuan clones were not different from each other on the basis of wood anatomical properties. They grouped differently for wood anatomical characters. Fibre-length of different clones of the present study was comparable with the 8-10 year old seedling seed-raised plantation of the same species. Clone raised plantation wood showed better paper making wood properties than of the seedling seed raised trees even at the early age.

Keywords

Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm., Clonal Variations, Intra-, Inter-tree, Wood Properties,
Lalkuan, Bannakhera, Uttarakhand

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• Evaluation of Lantana camara Linn. Stem for Pulp and Paper Making

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Authors

Sanjay Naithani , P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 8 (2009), Pagination: 1081-1087

Abstract

Lantana camara Linn. Is a noxious weed posing a serious threat to the ecology. It demands concrete efforts for its management. L. camara was evaluated for its pulp and paper making properties. Data on chemical constituents, fibre dimensions, unbleached, bleached yield and physical strength properties of pulp sheets were obtained. Parameters of proximate chemicals and fibre morphology were non-significantly different for samples and replications (α = 0.05). The unbleached pulp yields under different pulping process were 50.5-44.6%. Laboratory hand made pulp sheets with adequate strength properties were obtained from soda, soda-sulphite and kraft pulps prepared from L. camara plant material.

Keywords

Lantana camara, Fibre Morphology, Kappa Number, Lignin, Strength Properties,
Pulp

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• Wood Anatomy of Shorea of Yellow Meranti (Meranti Damar Hitam) Group of Malay Peninsula

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Krishna Bhandari , Magan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 11 (2008), Pagination: 1479-1492

Abstract

The study deals with the variations in physical, gross and microscopic anatomical features of different species of Shorea of Yellow Meranti group of Malay peninsula. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter- specific differences among the wood element dimensions of Shorea were significant for vessel element length, wall-thickness and fibre-diameter and non-significant for fibre length and wood density (α=0.05). However, intra-specific differences were non-significant for all the anatomical characters. Vessel element-length and -diameter showed negative while wood density showed positive correlation with fibre wall thickness. A dichotomous identification key is presented on the basis of anatomical characters to the species level of Yellow Meranti group. The dichotomy is based on a pair of contrasting characters like ray height, ray width, presence/absence of prismatic crystals and gum canal dimensions. Differences in quantitative characters were analyzed using 't' test for the mean. Hierarchical cluster analysis is done using qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical characters to understand the affinity of Shorea with in Yellow Meranti group and with other group of Shorea. S. maxima showed 0% similarity with other members of this group. S. faguetiana and S. multiflora showed 46% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia, S. resina-nigra and S. balanocarpoides. S. balanocarpoides showed 32% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia and S. resina - nigra.

Keywords

Wood Anatomy, Microscopic Wood Identification, Shorea, Yellow Meranti (Meranti
Damar Hitam) Group, Malay Peninsula

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• Intra- and Inter-tree Variations in Physico-chemical and Wood Anatomical Features in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Sanjay Naithani , Vimal Kothiyal , S. S. Mohanta , Neena Juyal , Rajnesh Rawat

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 5 (2008), Pagination: 622-632

Abstract

Within and among tree variations in physico-chemical and anatomical properties of seed raised plantation wood of Leucaena leucocephala have been investigated. Within tree variation in specific gravity, fibre length and fibre length/diameter ratio were significant due to height. The variation in anatomical properties and ratios in radial direction were non-significant. Within tree variation were significant between bole and twigs. Inter-tree variations for wood anatomical properties were also significant and accounted for genetic variability in trees for wood traits. Site quality also affected anatomical properties and pulping and paper quality ratios significantly. Lignin content (%) significantly varied with reference to height and also shown significant inter-tree variation. Lignin content (%) was significantly positively correlated with fibre wall thickness. Extractives had shown non-significant intra and inter-tree variations. Most of the anatomical characters shown significant positive correlation to each other. Vessel member dimensions shown significant negative correlation with specific gravity.

Keywords

Leucaena leucocephala, Physico-chemical Properties, Intra- and Inter-tree Variation

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• Vegetation Analysis of Open and Closed Canopy Sal and Miscellaneous forests of Satpura Plateau, India

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Authors

A. K. Patra , P. K. Pande , T. R. Sahu

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 5 (2007), Pagination: 611-627

Abstract

Vegetation was analyzed quantitatively in miscellaneous open, miscellaneous closed, sal open and sal closed forests of West Chhindwara Forest Division (Madhya Pradesh). Total density for tree layer ranged between tree ha^-1 1,650 (miscellaneous open) to 3,030 t ha^-1 (sal closed); 4,960.23 (miscellaneous open) to 10,840 (sal closed) for shrubs and 3,180 (miscellaneous closed) to 3,18,000 (miscellaneous closed) plant ha^-1 for herb layer, whereas the range for dominance (cm² ha^-1) was 1,65,855 (miscellaneous closed) to 16,38,325 (sal closed) for trees; 5428 (miscellaneous open) to 16,100 (sal closed) for shrubs and 14,778 (miscellaneous open) to 11,28,020 (sal open) for herbs. It is very interesting to note that density and dominance of trees are invariably higher in closed forests, whereas, shrubs and herbs are higher in open forests except shrubs for miscellaneous closed forest. Miscellaneous open forest showed highest species richness followed by miscellaneous closed, sal closed and sal open for tree species. Diversity index values were highest for miscellaneous open followed by miscellaneous closed, sal open and sal closed. Miscellaneous open also showed highest species richness values, while sal open and closed miscellaneous showed lowest values, respectively, for shrub and herb species. Sal open and sal closed showed lowest values, respectively, for shrub and herb species for diversity index. Invariably, concentration of dominance followed the reverse trend to species diversity. Miscellaneous open and miscellaneous closed were more similar sites for tree and shrub species, whereas sal open and closed showed more similarity while considering herbs as the measure. Miscellaneous closed and sal open were most dissimilar sites for trees and shrubs and miscellaneous and sal closed for herb species. Examination of disturbance magnitude indicated that openness of the stand does not disturb the regeneration and stand development in terms of total tree composition in miscellaneous forest, whereas, it disturb the composition of Shorea robusta in case of open sal stand in ecotone.

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• Wood Anatomical Variations in Species of Shorea of Balau Group of Malay Peninsula - a Tool for Identification

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Krishna Negi , Magan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 6 (2007), Pagination: 759-773

Abstract

The present paper deals with the variations in physical, gross and minute anatomical features of different species of Shorea of the balau group in the Malay peninsula. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter-specific variations among the wood element dimensions of studied species of Shorea were significant while intra-species variations were non-significant for all the characters. A dichotomous key is presented for identification on the basis of anatomical characters upto the species level. The key is based on a pair of contrasting characters e.g. ray height, ray width, diameter of gum canal, ray seriation, location and type of crystals, density of wood and colour. Differences in quantitative characters are analysed using 't' test for the mean. Besides, features like frequency and types of gum canals viz. solitary, in short tangential lines and in short and long tangential lines and density of woods are also used. The occurrence and location of prismatic crystals are found to be of diagnostic value at the species level for balau group Prismatic crystals observed in parenchyma cells as solitary and also chambered (2-25) in normal and idioblast cells. Prismatic crystals were reported in ray cells of S. maxwelliana King first time.

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• Ecological Assessment of Vegetation in JFM Adopted Village -Forests in Satpura Plateau, Madhya Pradesh

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 97-114

Abstract

Vegetation was analyzed quantitatively in nine village forests in Madhya Pradesh viz., Ankhabadi (Site-I) Moyakui (II), Amajhiri (III), Ataria (IV), Gratea (V), Gangai (VI), Akalma (VII), Churasajwa (VIII) and Bheda (IX) of East Chhindwara Forest Division (Madhya Pradesh). These forests are managed under Joint Forest Management Programme. Sites V and III were highly and least disturbed sites in the past. Current disturbances were higher at sites-VIII, II, I and lower at sites III and IX. Current disturbances are positively related with adult tree density. Total density for tree layer ranged between 46.93 (V) to 387.5 (IX) tree ha^-1; 156 (VIII) to 714.95 (IV) for shrubs and 15905 (VIII) to 102078 (IX) plant ha^-1for herb layer, whereas, the range for dominance (cm² ha^-1) was 9570 (VI) to 217333(1) for trees; 2912(11) to 32462(VI) for shrubs and 1304 (VIII) to 218468 (VII) for herbs. Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranged between 1.19(VIII) to 1.98(V) for trees; 1.19 (VIII) to 1.89 (IV) for shrubs and lAO (I) to 2.24 (III) for herbs. Highest tree diversity was recorded at highly disturbed site (V). Sites V and IX were more similar sites, whereas, sites I and VIII were most dissimilar sites. Concentration of dominance showed reverse trend to diversity index. Present and past disturbances adversely affect the regeneration and composition of different tree species at different sites.

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• Intra- and Inter-species Wood Anatomical Variation in Balau Group of Shorea of Malay Peninsula

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Krishna Negi , Magan Singh

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 8 (2005), Pagination: 1041-1048

Abstract

The paper deals with the intra- and inter-species variation in the different wood elements of Balau group of Malay Shorea. Variance ratio test indicated that variations in the wood elements viz. fibre length, vessel element diameter and wall thickness are significant between species. These variations are non-significant between samples of same species (α = 0.05). Mean minimum and maximum fibre-, vessel element-length, diameter, wall-thickness were recorded as 954 ± 139μm (S. tumbuggaia) - 1360 ± 139 μm (S. exelliptica), 351 ± 46μm (S. obtusa) - 45l±119 μm in S. atrinervosa (mean 403 ± 70.6), 113 ± 35 (S. obtusa) - 223 ± 34μm (S. submontata) and 4μm (S. lumutensis) - 8.1 ±m (S. atrinervosa), respectively. Minimum density was recorded for S. meadiana (730 kg m^-2) while maximum recorded for S. laevis (1049 kg m^-2). Dimensions of wood elements are also correlated to each other for few characters. Wall thickness and fibre diameter and density and vessel element length are positively correlated (α=0.05). Cluster analysis was done for the 18 species of Balau group on the basis of wood anatomical characters viz. fibre-length, diameter, vessel member-length, diameter, wall thickness and specific gravity. Two clusters are formed at 25 inter-cluster distance.S. guiso, S. ochrophloia, S. meadiana, S. Sumatrana, S. ciliata, S. laevis, S. glauca, S. materia lis, S. exelliptica, S. atrinervosa, S. obtusa form first cluster while S. collina, S. lumutensis, S. maxwelliana, S. foxworthyi, S. robusta. Submontana and S. tumbuggaia form the second cluster S. obtusa was separated from first cluster at 15 inter-cluster distance while S. tumbuggaia separated at 10 inter-cluster distance from the second cluster.

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• Phenological Studies on Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) of Satpura and Adjacent Agro-climatic Zones of Madhya Pradesh (India)

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Jagdesh Singh , P. B. Meshram , S. K. Banerjee , Mohinder Pal

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 3 (2004), Pagination: 273-282

Abstract

Phenological studies on Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) of different agro-climatic zones viz Narmada valley, Vainganga valley and Satpura plateau are described. Major leaf-fall period fell between February-March except in Narmada valley where it was extended up to April. Leaf emergence initiated during February-April in different agro-climatic zones. Vegetative phase lasted for seven months (August-January) in all climatic zones except Vainganga valley where it lasted for six months only. Flowering initiated in February in all the climatic zones while in Narmada valley, it was noticed during March. Fruiting was initiated during March-April. The impact of climate was observed on the morphological and phenological characteristics of Neem. The significant variations among the quantitative phonological parameters like leaf, flower, fruit-abundance, leaf-area, leaflet area and leafweight for different climatic zones. These variations were non-significantly correlated with growth-parameters like gbh, tree-height, crown-diameter and crown-height. Significant positive correlation between flower and fruit- abundance was obtained which indicated that increasing flower-abundance enhanced fruit production.

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• On the Identity and Wood Structure of Connarus gibbusus Wall.

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Authors

P. K. Pande , Magan Singh , G. S. Bisht

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 5 (2003), Pagination: 635-639

Abstract

The wood structure of Connarus gibbosus Wall. Is described in detail. It is a diffuse porous structure with moderately small to medium sized vessels, scanty vasicentric, aliform to confluent and marginal parenchyma, non.septate fibres 1-4 seriate heterogeneus rays, small scattered, vertical canals and small variable crystals in parenchyma, rays and fibres.

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• Land Carbon Budget and Sequestration Potential of the Natural Forests of Madhya Pradesh (India)

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 7 (2003), Pagination: 905-917

Abstract

The paper presents a carbon budget and future carbon-sequestration potential of the natural forests of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh (India). The forest type classification is based on open- (cover <40%) and dense-canopy forest (cover >40% and above). Trees contributed 95.72% and 93.09% biomass towards total biomass for dense- and open-canopy forests, respectively. Bole contributed 75.72% and 71% biomass for open and dense forests, respectively. Total bole biomass accumulation was 633.363 million tonnes, which was 68% of the total biomass accumulation in M. P. forests. NPP_total was 6.887 and 3.242 t ha^-1 yr^-1 for dense and open canopy forests, respectively. NEP of open canopy forests is 34% of dense canopy forests. Litter stocks (t ha^-l) were 1.562 for dense and 1.276 for open forests. Total carbon pool (million tonnes) in standing crop was 363.01 for dense- and 80.30 for open-forests. The contribution of litter- and soil-carbon was 9.425 and 167.83 million tonnes, respectively. Dense- and open-forests contributed 247.40 and 56.61 million tonnes bole carbon to the total carbon pool. The carbon flux as NPP total (t ha^-1 yr^-1) was 3.305 for dense- and 1.56 for open - forest with an average of 2.606. NPPtree carbon was 2.024 (dense), 0.625 (open) and 1.464 (average). NEP values for carbon accumulation rate (t ha^-1yr^-l ) were 0.531, 0.172 and 0.377 for dense, open and average of two, respectively. NPP_total carbon including fine ischolar_main production was 4.336 t ha^-lyr^-1 while carbon release as heterotrophic respiration was 4.50 t ha^-1 yr^-l. It shows that present M.P. forests are the source of carbon. The average rate of carbon accumulation was 1.058xl0⁶ t yr^-1 during past 17 years till 1999. However, since 1988, the store of woody vegetation declined @ 0.365×10⁶ t yr^-1. Therefore, forests of M.P. were sink in 1980s shifted to source 1990s. Open canopy forests had great potential for sequestrating more carbon as they are still sequestrating only 30% and 47% carbon as total tree and total carbon of total potential.

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• Plant Species Diversity, Composition, Gradient Analysis and Regeneration Behaviour of some Tree Species in a Moist Temperate Western Himalayan forest Ecosystem

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Authors

P. K. Pande , J. D. S. Negi , S. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 8 (2002), Pagination: 869-886

Abstract

Vegetation composition, species diversity, distribution pattern and other parameter of vegetation analysis along with the population structure and regeneration behaviour of some tree species in a Western Himalayan forest of Chakrata Forest Division (Uttaranchal) were studied. The possibility of future composition changes was also explored. The whole area is divided into three sites as per their aspect and altitudes (site-I - alt. 1,700 masl, aspect N-Ej site-II - alt. 2,050 masl, aspect, N, and site-III, alt., 2,100 masl, aspect, N-W). The communities for these sites were identified as Cedrus deodara forest (site-I),
Cedrus deodara-Quercus leucotrichophora-Pinus wallichiana (site-II) and
Q. leucotrichophora-C. deodara-P. wallichiana (site-III). Total density range for the tree species (plant 100 m-¹) was 4.51-6.64; 23.56-41.62 for shrubs and 7,280-11,920 for herbaceous species; while the range for total basal cover (cm² 100m-² ) was in between 0.332-0.938 for trees; 9.50-18.81 cm²100m-² for shrubs and 235-323 cm²100 m-² for herbaceous species. Most of the species in all the sites showed contiguous pattern of distribution, however some species were also randomly distributed. Maximum diversity of trees was observed for site-III and for herb and shrubs species diversity values were highest for sites II and III respectively. However, lowest diversity was recorded for the herbaceous layer in site-III. Further, increasing altitude showed increase in tree diversity. Concentration of dominance showed reverse trend to diversity. Sites II and III were most similar sites, whereas sites I and III were most dissimilar sites. Highesio turnover of tree species was recorded between sites I and III; for shrub species, these were site-II and III and maximum turnover for herb species was recorded between sites I and II. In all the studied sites, the dominant species has shown good regeneration potential as evidenced by the presence of adequate number of seedling, sapling and distribution of boles among almost all gbh classes.

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• Litter Nutrient Dynamics of Shorea robusta Gaertn. Plantation at Doon Valley (Uttaranchal) India

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 9 (2001), Pagination: 980-994

Abstract

Present paper deals with patterns in leaf fall, its accretion, decomposition, nutrient return, release and accumulation in Sal plantation of Doon valley. Leaf fall contributed 83.87% (8286.87 kg/ha/yr) to the total litter fall (11271 kg/ha/yr). The peak period of leaf fall was March-April (40-45%). In June-July heavy seed fall occurred. The value of decomposition constant (k) was 1.668 for leaf litter while it was 0.947 for twig litter. Higher values for decomposition rate was recorded during rainy season. Temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days and soil moisture is positively related with decomposition rate. Nutrient concentration is generally higher in leaf litter than of twig litter. Ca and N contributed higher proportion in total nutrient return, release and accumulation. In general, the magnitude of total nutrient return was in order to the total litter fall. The higher nutrient return was associated with higher litter fall and litter nutrient concentrations. Further, the order of importance in terms of magnitude of nutrient return was Ca ≥ N ≥ Mg ≥ K ≥ P. The higher rate of return and release of nutrients were due to higher litter input and its subsequent decomposition. The higher release of Nand Ca can be attributed to their higher returns. Significant variations in all the nutrients were noticed. Nand P showed higher variations. These variations are also correlated with magnitude of leaf fall showing efficient biochemical cycling. The present mature Sal stand showed efficient nutrient cycling, which may due to the availability of nutrients, plant growth form, age and stature. The higher rate of litter production and its subsequent decomposition under tropical climate contributed rapid turn-over of nutrients and affects the nutrient cycling, in cases, where growth period and uptake are not synchronized with leaf fall and its subsequent decomposition. Hence, during the raising the Sal plantations, it is advisable to mix the desired deciduous tree and shrub species at the initial phase of the plantation growth, so that higher returned nutrients can be conserved through absorption by the species of the other growth forms due to differences in their growth periods.

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• Species Diversity, Turn-over and Resource Apportionment among Various Plant Species in a Western-Himalayan forest

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Authors

P. K. Pande , J. D. S. Negi , S. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 7 (2000), Pagination: 727-741

Abstract

In this paper, species diversity, species turn-over and resource apportionment among the various species at selected sites of Western-Himalayan forest situated at Sandev, Distt. Pithoragarh (U.P.) are described. The whole are is divided into four sub sites as per their aspect, altitude and vegetation. In general, Quercusleucotrichophora, Pieris ovalifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Alnus nepalensis and Macaranga denticulata dominate the site except site-III, where Pinus rOlCburghii forms its community with P. ovalifolia and R. arboreum. The density value range (plant/100m²) was 6.37-12.37 for tree layer; 21-74 for shrubs and 6182-11400 for herb layer. Total basal cover (cm²/100m²) ranged in between 1986-4612 for tree layer; 17-50 for shrubs and 246-497 for herbaceous layer. Diversity.index is higher for herbs and lowest for trees. Site-IV is more diverse than of the other sites for trees and shrubs while site-II is more diverse than of the other sites as far as herbs are concerned. Site-III and IV are the more similar sites whereas site-I and IV showed least similarity. In general, log and log-normal distribution of species is followed by most of the Bites for all the life.forms, which is indicative of higher interspecific competition among the various species at their respective sites.

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• Wood Anatomical Variations in the Genus Elaeocarpus Linn. and Sloanea Blume.

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 95-106

Abstract

The wood anatomical variations in eight species of Elaeocarpus and three species of Sloanea namely, E. aristatus Roxb., E. floribundus Blume, E. ganitrus Roxb. Syn. E. sphaericus Blume., E. lanceaefolius Roxb., E. rugosus Roxb., E. tectorius (Lour.) Poir. Syn.E. robustus Roxb., E. varunnaHam.E. walliehii Kurz., Sloanea dasyearpa (Benth.) Hemslsyn. Echinocarpus dasyearpa (Benth.) Hemsl, S. sigun K. Schum syn. Echinocarpus sigun (Bl.) K. Scham. and S. stereuliacea var. assamica (Benth.) Coode syn. Eehinocarpus assamicus Benth. were studied. There was some similarity like presence of parenchyma delimiting the growth rings, presence of prismatic crystals etc. in case of different species of Elaeocarpus; they were dissimilar for some other peculiar features like the different locations of prismatic crystals, presence or absence of spiral thickening and variation in quantitative characters. Species of Sloanea also showed dissimilarity among them on the basis of wood anatomical features. Quantitative variations were significant for species except for fiber-length and specific gravity and non significant for replications. It showed that different species of Elaeocarpus and Sloanea were dissimilar for wood element's dimensions. Cluster analysis was done using binary matrix of 202 wood features. Genera Elaeocarpus and Sloanea were clustered separately showing two divergent groups. Dichotomous key for eight species for Elaeocarpus was prepared for identification on the basis of wood anatomical features.

Keywords

Fiber-length, Fiber-diameter, Vessel-element-length, Vessel-element-diameter

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• Nutrient Release through Decomposition in Different Plantations at New Forest of Doon Valley

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 11 (2006), Pagination: 1429-1441

Abstract

The paper deals with the nutrient release through decomposition in four plantations of Shorea robusta (sal), Tectona grandis (teak), Pinus roxburghii (pine) and Eucalyptus spp. at Forest Research Institute Demonstration Area, Dehra Dun (India). Per cent nitrogen content in litter-bags increased with time in both leaf- and twig-litter. The initial increment of nitrogen content during early months showed its immobilization. Mineralization took place during later period of decomposition. Per cent phosphorus content increased in decomposing leaf-litter while decreased in twig-litter. P-loss in absolute content was in the order: teak (70.7%) > sal (53%) > pine (52.36) > eucalypts (26.41%). In twig-litter, the loss was almost same (70%) in all the species. N- and P- loss in leaf - litter followed almost similar pattern to dry weight loss. Potassium loss was rapid during the initial months and consistent during the later period of decomposition. K-loss may be accounted for leaching. Calcium loss in leaf-litter was much less than K and Mg in teak and sal. It was also less than K but exceeds Mg in case of pine and eucalypts. The highest Ca-loss was recorded for pine and sal (83%) > teak (78%) > eucalypts (68%) for leaf -litter. The per cent Mg content decreased in leaf- litter of all species except eucalypts. Weight loss of Mg was also rapid during initial months. It may be accounted for leaching. Overall higher Mg loss was reflection of increased C/Mg ratio.

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• Regeneration Behaviour of Important Tree Species in Relation to Disturbance in Joint Forest Management Adopted Village-Forests in Satpura Plateau, Madhya Pradesh, India

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 1 (2006), Pagination: 91-104

Abstract

Regeneration behavior and population structure of important tree species were analyzed in nine village forests under Joint Forest Management in East Chhindwara Forest Division (Madhya Pradesh). Possible future composition changes in these forests were explored. The greater contribution of seedlings, saplings and individuals in lower diameter-class for sites-I, III, VII and IX showed 'extending population structure', which is indicative of better regeneration on these sites. However, sites-VI, VIII and II were highly disturbed sites, the proportion of individuals were greater in larger diameter-classes as compared to smaller diameter-classes. This is indicative of 'decline population structure. Present and past disturbances adversely affect the regeneration and composition of different tree species at different sites. Besides the protection of these forests, artificial regeneration is suggested for the improvement of tree regeneration and maintenance of vegetation composition in near future.

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• Litter, Nutrient Dynamics and forest Floor Management in Sal and Miscellaneous forests of Satpura Plateau (India)

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Authors

A. K. Patra , P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 219-228

Abstract

The paper presents a comparative account of litter fall, litter nutrient concentration, return and release in open miscellaneous forest (CMF, site-I), closed miscellaneous forest (CMF, site-II), open sal (OSF, site-III) and closed sal (CSF, site-IV) and also between miscellaneous (MF) and sal forests (SF) of tropical dry deciduous mixed and tropical dry sal forests of Satpura plateau, Madhya Pradesh (India). Leaf and litter fall was erratic in miscellaneous forest (sites I, II) and peak period was in December while peak leaf fall period in sal forest was March-June. However, fall was unimodal in sal forest (sites III, IV). The magnitude of annual leaf fall (kg ha^-1) followed the order: 20958.40 (site-III) > 18708.60 (site-IV) > 3381.71 (site-II) > 2897.60 (site-I). The higher leaf and litter fall in OSF than of CSF is related to the higher dominance of the deciduous species Tectona grandis in the stand and also higher age of the stand. Litter decomposition rate (k) was higher for sal forest (SF) than the miscellaneous forest (SF). Generally, Ca and N were higher than K, Mg and P in all litter fractions, irrespective of sites. Variance ratio (F) test showed that SF showed higher values of nutrient concentration and their lower variations as compared to MF. Open forests showed lower concentrations of nutrient than closed forests.

Keywords

Ecotone, Litter Decomposition, Litter Fall, Nutrient Return, Nutrient Release

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• Intra, Inter-tree and Inter-location Variations in Wood Anatomical Traits and Specific Gravity in Seed Raised Plantations of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Abstract Views :241  |  PDF Views:2

Authors

P. K. Pande , Luxmi Rawat

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 6 (2012), Pagination: 555-561

Abstract

Present paper deals with Intra-, Inter-tree and Inter-location variations in wood anatomical traits and specific gravity in seed raised plantations of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. The materials were procured from State Forest Department, Punjab. The sites were located at Kharkan, Hoshlarpur (Site-I), Dhlrowal, Hoslyarpur (Site-II), Kamalpur, Amrltsar (Site-III) and Dharmkot, Ferozpur (site-IV). In all 12 tress were considered for the study. Intra-tree, both axial and radial, and inter-tree variations were significant for most of the wood traits except wall thlckness and specific gravity for Intra-tree radial variations. The increasing trend was obtained from pith to periphery and bottom to top for most of the wood traits. F-test showed that variations due to site were significant for wood anatomical parameters and specific gravity. It indicates that site had impact on wood anatomical properties and specific gravity. The sites of lower rain fall showed higher wood anatomical dimensions. Further, the trees of different sites were clustered together and indicated the influence of genetics on the wood traits. It showed that genetic diversity played an important role even at the similar type of environment for wood-traits in seed raised plantations of Dalbergia sissoo.

Keywords

Fiberdimensions, Vessel Element Dimensions, Specific Gravity, Wood Variation

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• Early Flowering and Seed Setting in Acacia mengium, Wild

Abstract Views :171  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande , A. K. Bisaria , A. K. Pandey

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 3 (1999), Pagination: 329-330

Abstract

No abstract

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• Litter Decomposition in Tropical Plantations Impact of Climate and Substrate Quality

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Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 6 (1999), Pagination: 599-608

Abstract

The present paper deals with the decomposition rate of four tree species viz. Shorea robusta (Sal), Tectona grandis (Teak), Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalypts) and Pinus roxburghii (Pine) in relation to their chemical composition and climatic factors. Leaf litter decomposition followed the order : Sal (1.67) > Teak (1.65) > Pine (1.35) > Eucalypts (1.34). In general, values for higher decomposition rate were observed during rainy season and lowest during winter except Pine and Sal, where these lower values were obtained during summer season. Invariably, rainfall, number of rainy days, soil moisture and temperature showed positive correlation with decomposition rate. The multiple correlation (R²) showed that cumulative effect of rainfall and temperature was also positively significant. As far as chemical constituents of litter are concerned N and Mg is positively related with decomposition rate while Lignin, Holocellulose and Lignin/Nitrogen ratio showed negative correlation with decomposition rate. No correlation was obtained with P, Ca, K, alcohol soluble, ether soluble and hot water extractives.

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• Biochemical Cycling and Nutrient Conservation Strategy in some Plantations

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Authors

P. K. Pande , S. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 4 (1993), Pagination: 299-305

Abstract

Nutrient conservation through biochemical cycling in four plantations of sal, teak, pine and eucalypts was studied. In general, sal and teak conserved higher amount of nutrients than pine and eucalypts. The conservation of phosphorus was more than the nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorous conservation was more than those of other nutrients in all the plantations. The lower conservation of nutrients in eucalypts compared to the other species may cause nutrient loss from the stand through leaching/run-off during wet period, especially in well drained soils.

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• Comparative Vegetation Analysis of some Plantation Ecosystems

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Authors

P. K. Pande , A. P. S. Bisht , S. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 7 (1988), Pagination: 379-389

Abstract

The present study deals with the comparative vegetation analysis of the four plantations of sal, teak, pine and eucalypts at New Forest, Dehra Dun. The higher density values and species richness in the plantations of pine, sal and teak were due to the stand maturity. The total basal cover (cm² 100 m^-2) followed the order; Pine (5308.33)> sal (4002.21)> teak (2887.27)> eucalypts (1106.88), whereas IVI was the highest for eucalypts and sal (300) followed by teak (203.18) and pine (142.61) in their respective plantations. Comparatively, more diversity was observed for pine, while minimum for euculypts stand on both density and IVI basis. The distribution pattern of different tree species was contagious in all the plantations except pine, where it was random for most of the species. The highest values of concentration of dominance (on IVI basis) observed for sal and eucalypts, are attributed to the monospecific nature of their stands. In conclusion, it seems that different silvicultural operations like thinning, burning, weeding, etc. may create a possible route for the invasion of new species even during the premature age of the plantation.

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• Seasonality and Pattern in Leaf-fall and Litter Accretion on the Forest Floor in Plantations of Demonstration Area, Forest Research Institute & colleges, Dehra Dun (India)

Abstract Views :243  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande , S. C. Sharma

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 112, No 4 (1986), Pagination: 328-341

Abstract

The present study deals With the Patterns in leaf-fall, its seasonality and litter accretion in four plantations of sal, leak, pine, and eucalypts. The leaf-fall followed the order (in kg/hal sal (8286.21), eucalypts (9908.12), teak (5009.42) pine (4780.82) while tolal litter was in order of sal (11271.08> pine(9674.30) eucalypts (7069 .8) and teak. The variation in amounts of litter fall has been reasoned for evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous nature of the tree species as well as the density of the respective stand and associated tree species. A clear-cut pattern was observable in sal, with a maxima in leaf-fall during the months of March-April, while pine and teak showed during the months of April-May. Eucalypts recorded bimodal patterns of leaf-fall, one peak (22%) durinq october - November the other (18.8%) during April-May. The first peak supposed to be genetically determined and the second environmentally stressed. In conclusion it has been assumed that eucalypts plantations are unale to draw the advantage of their leaf-fall probably due to lag in time between the active growth of the plant and subsequent decomposition of the deposited leaf-fall and litter.

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• Dichotomous Key for Identification of some Assam Timbers

Abstract Views :313  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 5 (2011), Pagination: 635-643

Abstract

Variations in wood anatomical features were used in the preparation of dichotomous key for identification of 52 tree species of Assam. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that variations were significant among the species and non-significant for the replication for fiber length, fiber diameter, wall thickness and vessel element length and vessel element diameter. The dichotomous key for identification was prepared at species level on the basis of 178 wood anatomical qualitative and quantitative features. In the preparation of dichotomous key, wood anatomical features like presence/absence of included phloem, oil cells, silica vitreous, spiral thickening, radial canal, presence/absence and location of prismatic crystals, variation in axial parenchyma structure, vessel and ray frequency, ray height, specific gravity, etc. were found useful out of 178 features. Different species of same genera like Dillenia and Elaeocarpus were separated at species level on the basis of wood anatomical features. Two species of Dillenia namely D. aurea and D. parviflora outside from Assam state were also included in the study to separate important Indian species of the genus Dillenia at species level.

Keywords

Dichotomous Key, Identification, Assam Timbers, Dillenia Aurea And D. Parviflora

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• Secondary Xylem Anatomy of Root and Stem of Alstonia scholais, Bischhiofia javanica and Trewia nudiflora: The Characteristic Plant Species of Manu Fresh Water Swamp, Rishikesh, Dehradun (India)

Abstract Views :339  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande , J. C. Ghyldiyal , Pallavi Gautam

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 8 (2013), Pagination: 726-730

Abstract

The paper presents a comparative account of ischolar_main and shoot secondary xylem anatomy of Alostonia scholaris R. Br (Family: Apocynaceae), Bischofia javanica Blume and Trewia nudiflora Linn. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) of Manu swamp, Rishikesh, Dehradun (India). Fiber dimensions and vessel element diameter of secondary xylem of shoot were higher than that of ischolar_mains. Moreover, vessel and ray frequencies were higher in ischolar_mains whereas the size of inter vessel pits was more in shoots of all the three species. Further, parenchyma is diffuse in aggregate, scanty paratracheal and vesicentric in ischolar_mains and scanty paratracheal in shoots of A. scholoaris; diffuse, in aggregate and scanty paratracheal in shoot while only diffuse in ischolar_main of B. javanica, and diffuse, in aggregate and scanty paratracheal in shoot while scanty paratracheal in ischolar_main of T. nudiflora. Other anatomical features of ischolar_main and shoot anatomy of secondary xylem are more or less similar in A. scholaris, B. javanica and T. nudiflora.

Keywords

Anatomy, Vessel Element, Fibre Land, Fibre Diameter, Fiber Wall Thick Ness, Xylem Anatomy

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• Variation in Wood Properties in Pith and Peripheral Region of the Trunk in Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb.

Abstract Views :221  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande ¹, Laxmi Rawat ²

Affiliations
1 Wood Anatomy Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006., IN
2 Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006., IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 6 (2014), Pagination: 575-579

Abstract

The paper deals with the variations in wood-properties in pith and peripheral region of the trunk of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. to understand the extent of genetic control on the different wood-properties during the early phase of tree growth for early selection of different genotypes and also for juvenile wood properties. The study was conducted in seed raised plantations of Dalbergia sissoo at four sites located in three forest divisions of Punjab namely Amritsar, Hoshiarpur and Ferozepur, representing three agro-climatic zones of the State, twelve trees of different diameters of similar age of 27 years were selected for the study. Five transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were cut out from the trunk of each of the 12 trees at 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, 8 m and 10 m heights to cover the vertical variations. The pith and peripheral (outer most) wood from the each disc of all the trees were considered for the collection of wood anatomical data and specific gravity. The variance ratio (F) test indicated that variations among the trees of pith wood were significant for trees for fiber-inter- tree variations even at the early phase of tree growth for these wood traits, indicating fiber-length and specific gravity are highly under genetic control and can be used for early selection of genotypeslength and specific gravity only. This shows that variations were significant among different trees and non-significant due to vertical and peripheral direction except specific gravity for vertical direction for peripheral wood.

Keywords

Fiber Dimensions, Vessel Element' Dimensions, Specific Gravity, Pith

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• Natural Hybridization between Populus Suaveolens Fisch. and populus Ciliata Wall. Ex Royale

Abstract Views :229  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

R. C. Dhiman ¹, J. N. Gandhi ¹, P. K. Pande ²

Affiliations
1 WIMCO Ltd. (Wimco Seedlings Division) Kashipur Road, Bagwala, Rudrapur, U.S. Nagar, Uttrakhand, IN
2 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 753-757

Abstract

Paper presents morphological characterization of 64 half-sib progeny seedlings raised from seed collected from a single female Populus suaveolens Fisch. tree growing in the vicinity of P. ciliata and two saplings one each of P. ciliata and P. suaveolens raised from stem cuttings. K-Means clustering of leaf and branch morphological traits of progeny seedlings resulted in forming two clusters each of them represented with a sapling each of P. ciliata and P. suaveolens. The 95.45% individual seedlings (62 in number) were clustered with P. suaveolens (female parent) and 4.55% (2 in number) with P. ciliata (male parent). Some traits like, number of glands at the base of leaf blade, pubescence on the lower surface of leaf blade and leaf tip in progeny seedlings were associated with male parent- P. ciliata and two progeny seedlings with these traits got clustered with this species, whereas, the remaining progeny seedlings had leaf and stem traits similar to female parent- P. suaveolens.

Keywords

Natural Hybridization, Cluster Analysis, Progeny Seedlings

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• Forest Floor Dynamics and its Management Options in Mixed Old Grown Pinus Roxburghii Sargent. Plantation of Doon Valley

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande ¹

Affiliations
1 Wood Anatomy Discipline, Botany Division Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006, IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 9 (2014), Pagination: 847-856

Abstract

Present paper deals with patterns in litter fall, decomposition, nutrient return, release and accumulation in 57 year old chir pine plantation of Doon-valley. Initially, the plantation was raised as monoculture but later on stand was invaded by broad-leaf species like Michelia champaca , Cinnamomum camphora and Mallotus philippensis. Needles contributed 49.41% (4780.82 kg ha^-1 y^-1 ) to the total litter fall (9675.89 kg ha^-1 y^-1). The peak period of leaf fall in pine is -1 -1 during April-May. The other invaded species of the plantation contributed 4124.22 kg ha^-1 y^-1 , which was 42.62% of the total litter fall. The value of decomposition constant (k) was 1.35 for leaf litter while it was 0.865 for twig litter. Leaching losses were low during the first month of the decomposition rate. It was 2.59 % of the annual decomposition. Higher values for decomposition rate, was recorded during rainy season. Temperature, rainfall and number of rainy days were positively related with decomposition rate. Nutrient concentration is generally higher in needle litter than of twig litter. Ca and N contributed higher proportion in total nutrient return, release and accumulation. In general, the magnitude of total nutrient return followed the magnitude of total litter fall. The higher nutrient return was associated with higher -1 -1 litter fall and nutrient concentrations. Further, the order of importance in terms of magnitude ( kg ha^-1 y^-1 ) of total nutrient return was :Ca (77.46) > N (57.63)> K (51.70)> Mg (11.74)>P(7.14). The broad leaves contributed in total return -1 -1 magnitude (kg ha^-1 y^-1 )as Ca (43.21) > N (28.46) > K (23.05) > Mg (4.72) > P (2.93). It was 55.78%, 55.05%, 44.58%%, 40.20%%, 40.86% respectively, for Ca, N, K, Mg and P. Significant variations in all the nutrients were noticed. N and P showed higher variations. These variations are non-significantly correlated with magnitude of leaf fall showing inefficient biochemical cycling, except for nitrogen.

Keywords

Litter-production, Decomposition-constant, Nutrient-release, Nutrient-return

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• Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Narayanbagar Block, Chamoli District of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

Jyoti Deoli ¹, Vinod Kumar Yadav ², P. K. Pande ¹

Affiliations
1 Wood Anatomy, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Forest Ecology and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 389-396

Abstract

The present study carried out in Narayanbagar block in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand in Western Himalaya to explore traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Most of the local people depend on the forest and agriculture produce for their livelihood and daily needs. Informations on medicinal plants were collected through questionnaire survey, formal and informal interviews. Total 136 formal interviews from 22 out of 70 randomly selected villages were carried out. A total of 146 medicinally important plant species belonging 65 families were reported. Majority of collected species were herbs (73%), followed by shrubs (14%), trees (7%) ferns (3.42%) and climbers (2%). The botanical name, family, local name, parts used, and medicinal properties of collected plants documented.

Keywords

Himalaya, Narayanbagar, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Knowledge.

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• Variation in Growth Traits in Different Progenies of Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex Marsh

Abstract Views :151  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

P. K. Pande ¹, R. C. Dhiman ²

Affiliations
1 Wood Anatomy Discipline, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IN
2 WIMCO Ltd. (Wimco Seedlings Division), Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, IN

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 1124-1128

Abstract

The study deals with screening of better progenies of different clones of Populus deltoides on the basis of growth viz. diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height for the development of new better productive clones ANOVA showed that progenies were significantly different for DBH, whereas non-significantly different for tree height. Significant variations in DBH due to progenies indicated that these progenies were different for DBH and this trait was under genetic control. Variations due to replication were non-significant for DBH and tree height. The range for DBH was 18.4 (B-1, female) - 30.57 cm (L-12, male) with a mean 22.6 ± 2.60 cm and for height was 23.06 (B-1, female) - 31 m (L-12, male) with a mean 5.53 ± 1.39 m. On the basis of cluster analysis considering tree height and DBH, progenies 107, 86-1, 35, L-14, L-12 and 183 showed better growth than of the other progenies. The progenies 173, L-12 and 183 were divergent and may be used in hybridization programs. In the study, genetic advance was higher for growth traits and genetic gain for the growth traits was also positive which shows the great possibility of improvement in the species for growth.

Keywords

Growth, DBH, Height, Broadsense Heritability, Genetic Gain, Genetic Advance.

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